Ngā Rauropi Whakaoranga

Chrysopteris billardieri, Drynaria billarderi, Microsorum diversifolium, Phymatodes billardieri , Phymatodes diversifolium , Phymatosorus diversifolius, Phymatosorus pustulatus, Pleopeltis billardieri , Pleopeltis diversifolia , Polypodium billardieri , Polypodium diversifolium, Polypodium pustulatum, Polypodium scandens

Pāraharaha, kōwaowao, maratata, raumanga (all in Williams 1971) 

hound's tongue fern

Used to line and cover baskets in which hīnau meal, tawa kernels cooked. Imparted a pleasing flavour (Best 1942, 1902).

Young stems eaten, cooked as greens (Best 1902, 1907; Crowe 1981).

Sometimes used to cover baskets of eels for cooking - eaten as greens ( Best 1902)